Crear aplicaciones de Windows Forms que puedan abrir archivos de Excel al hacer clic en un botón es un requisito común para las aplicaciones de escritorio. Ya sea que esté creando formularios de entrada de datos, generadores de informes o herramientas de procesamiento de archivos, la integración de operaciones de Excel con eventos de clic de botón es esencial.

Escenarios comunes
- 📁 Cuadro de diálogo Abrir archivo de Excel: permite a los usuarios seleccionar archivos de Excel
- 📊 Procesar datos de Excel: Leer y mostrar contenido de Excel
- 💾 Exportar a Excel: Generar archivos de Excel a partir de datos de formulario
- 🔄 Actualizar archivos de Excel: Modificar archivos de Excel existentes
Configuración del proyecto de Windows Forms
Primero, cree un nuevo proyecto de Windows Forms y agregue el SDK Openize.OpenXML:
<PackageReference Include="DocumentFormat.OpenXml" Version="3.2.0" />
using Openize.Cells;
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Windows.Forms;
Ejemplo 1: Abrir archivo de Excel al hacer clic en el botón
public partial class ExcelForm : Form
{
private string selectedFilePath = "";
public ExcelForm()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
// Button click to open file dialog
private void btnOpenFile_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
using (OpenFileDialog openFileDialog = new OpenFileDialog())
{
// Configure file dialog
openFileDialog.Filter = "Excel Files|*.xlsx;*.xls|All Files|*.*";
openFileDialog.Title = "Select Excel File";
openFileDialog.InitialDirectory = Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.Documents);
if (openFileDialog.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
{
selectedFilePath = openFileDialog.FileName;
lblFileName.Text = $"Selected: {Path.GetFileName(selectedFilePath)}";
btnProcessFile.Enabled = true;
// Immediately show file info
DisplayFileInfo();
}
}
}
private void DisplayFileInfo()
{
try
{
using (var workbook = new Workbook(selectedFilePath))
{
var worksheet = workbook.Worksheets[0];
lblWorksheetName.Text = $"Worksheet: {worksheet.Name}";
lblRowCount.Text = $"Rows: {worksheet.GetRowCount()}";
lblColumnCount.Text = $"Columns: {worksheet.GetColumnCount()}";
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show($"Error reading file info: {ex.Message}", "Error");
}
}
}
Ejemplo 2: Procesar datos de Excel y visualizarlos en DataGridView
public partial class ExcelProcessorForm : Form
{
// Button click to process Excel file
private void btnProcessExcel_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(selectedFilePath))
{
MessageBox.Show("Please select an Excel file first.", "No File Selected");
return;
}
try
{
ProcessExcelFile(selectedFilePath);
MessageBox.Show("Excel file processed successfully!", "Success");
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show($"Error processing Excel file: {ex.Message}", "Error");
}
}
private void ProcessExcelFile(string filePath)
{
using (var workbook = new Workbook(filePath))
{
var worksheet = workbook.Worksheets[0];
// Clear existing data
dataGridView1.Rows.Clear();
dataGridView1.Columns.Clear();
int rowCount = worksheet.GetRowCount();
int colCount = worksheet.GetColumnCount();
// Add columns to DataGridView
for (int col = 1; col <= colCount; col++)
{
string headerText = worksheet.Cells[GetCellReference(1, col)].GetValue();
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(headerText))
headerText = $"Column {col}";
dataGridView1.Columns.Add($"Col{col}", headerText);
}
// Add rows to DataGridView
for (int row = 2; row <= rowCount; row++)
{
string[] rowData = new string[colCount];
for (int col = 1; col <= colCount; col++)
{
string cellRef = GetCellReference(row, col);
rowData[col - 1] = worksheet.Cells[cellRef].GetValue();
}
dataGridView1.Rows.Add(rowData);
}
// Update status
lblStatus.Text = $"Loaded {rowCount - 1} rows and {colCount} columns";
}
}
static string GetCellReference(int row, int col)
{
return $"{GetColumnLetter(col)}{row}";
}
static string GetColumnLetter(int columnNumber)
{
string columnLetter = string.Empty;
while (columnNumber > 0)
{
columnNumber--;
columnLetter = (char)('A' + columnNumber % 26) + columnLetter;
columnNumber /= 26;
}
return columnLetter;
}
}
Ejemplo 3: Exportar datos del formulario a Excel al hacer clic en el botón
public partial class DataExportForm : Form
{
// Button click to export data to Excel
private void btnExportToExcel_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
try
{
using (SaveFileDialog saveFileDialog = new SaveFileDialog())
{
saveFileDialog.Filter = "Excel Files|*.xlsx";
saveFileDialog.Title = "Save Excel File";
saveFileDialog.FileName = "ExportedData.xlsx";
if (saveFileDialog.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
{
ExportDataToExcel(saveFileDialog.FileName);
MessageBox.Show($"Data exported successfully to:\n{saveFileDialog.FileName}", "Export Complete");
}
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show($"Error exporting data: {ex.Message}", "Export Error");
}
}
private void ExportDataToExcel(string filePath)
{
using (var workbook = new Workbook())
{
var worksheet = workbook.Worksheets[0];
worksheet.Name = "Exported Data";
// Export form data
worksheet.Cells["A1"].PutValue("Name");
worksheet.Cells["B1"].PutValue("Email");
worksheet.Cells["C1"].PutValue("Phone");
worksheet.Cells["D1"].PutValue("Department");
// Get data from form controls
worksheet.Cells["A2"].PutValue(txtName.Text);
worksheet.Cells["B2"].PutValue(txtEmail.Text);
worksheet.Cells["C2"].PutValue(txtPhone.Text);
worksheet.Cells["D2"].PutValue(cboDepartment.Text);
// Export DataGridView data if available
if (dataGridView1.Rows.Count > 0)
{
// Add headers from DataGridView
for (int col = 0; col < dataGridView1.Columns.Count; col++)
{
worksheet.Cells[GetCellReference(4, col + 1)].PutValue(dataGridView1.Columns[col].HeaderText);
}
// Add data rows
for (int row = 0; row < dataGridView1.Rows.Count; row++)
{
for (int col = 0; col < dataGridView1.Columns.Count; col++)
{
var cellValue = dataGridView1.Rows[row].Cells[col].Value?.ToString() ?? "";
worksheet.Cells[GetCellReference(row + 5, col + 1)].PutValue(cellValue);
}
}
}
workbook.Save(filePath);
}
}
}
Ejemplo 4: Completar el formulario del administrador de Excel
public partial class ExcelManagerForm : Form
{
private string currentFilePath = "";
public ExcelManagerForm()
{
InitializeComponent();
UpdateButtonStates();
}
// Open Excel file
private void btnOpen_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
using (OpenFileDialog ofd = new OpenFileDialog())
{
ofd.Filter = "Excel Files|*.xlsx;*.xls";
if (ofd.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
{
currentFilePath = ofd.FileName;
LoadExcelFile();
UpdateButtonStates();
}
}
}
// Create new Excel file
private void btnNew_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
try
{
using (var workbook = new Workbook())
{
var worksheet = workbook.Worksheets[0];
worksheet.Name = "New Sheet";
// Add some default content
worksheet.Cells["A1"].PutValue("Column 1");
worksheet.Cells["B1"].PutValue("Column 2");
worksheet.Cells["C1"].PutValue("Column 3");
using (SaveFileDialog sfd = new SaveFileDialog())
{
sfd.Filter = "Excel Files|*.xlsx";
if (sfd.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
{
workbook.Save(sfd.FileName);
currentFilePath = sfd.FileName;
LoadExcelFile();
UpdateButtonStates();
MessageBox.Show("New Excel file created!", "Success");
}
}
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show($"Error creating file: {ex.Message}", "Error");
}
}
// Save changes to Excel file
private void btnSave_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(currentFilePath))
{
MessageBox.Show("No file is currently open.", "No File");
return;
}
try
{
SaveDataGridToExcel();
MessageBox.Show("File saved successfully!", "Saved");
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show($"Error saving file: {ex.Message}", "Save Error");
}
}
private void LoadExcelFile()
{
try
{
using (var workbook = new Workbook(currentFilePath))
{
var worksheet = workbook.Worksheets[0];
// Load data into DataGridView
dataGridView1.Rows.Clear();
dataGridView1.Columns.Clear();
int rowCount = worksheet.GetRowCount();
int colCount = worksheet.GetColumnCount();
// Add columns
for (int col = 1; col <= colCount; col++)
{
string header = worksheet.Cells[GetCellReference(1, col)].GetValue();
dataGridView1.Columns.Add($"Col{col}", string.IsNullOrEmpty(header) ? $"Column {col}" : header);
}
// Add rows
for (int row = 2; row <= rowCount; row++)
{
string[] rowData = new string[colCount];
for (int col = 1; col <= colCount; col++)
{
rowData[col - 1] = worksheet.Cells[GetCellReference(row, col)].GetValue();
}
dataGridView1.Rows.Add(rowData);
}
lblFileName.Text = Path.GetFileName(currentFilePath);
lblStatus.Text = $"Loaded: {rowCount - 1} rows, {colCount} columns";
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show($"Error loading file: {ex.Message}", "Load Error");
}
}
private void SaveDataGridToExcel()
{
using (var workbook = new Workbook(currentFilePath))
{
var worksheet = workbook.Worksheets[0];
// Save headers
for (int col = 0; col < dataGridView1.Columns.Count; col++)
{
worksheet.Cells[GetCellReference(1, col + 1)].PutValue(dataGridView1.Columns[col].HeaderText);
}
// Save data
for (int row = 0; row < dataGridView1.Rows.Count; row++)
{
for (int col = 0; col < dataGridView1.Columns.Count; col++)
{
var value = dataGridView1.Rows[row].Cells[col].Value?.ToString() ?? "";
worksheet.Cells[GetCellReference(row + 2, col + 1)].PutValue(value);
}
}
workbook.Save();
}
}
private void UpdateButtonStates()
{
bool hasFile = !string.IsNullOrEmpty(currentFilePath);
btnSave.Enabled = hasFile;
btnProcess.Enabled = hasFile;
}
}
Mejores prácticas
- Utilice siempre Try-Catch: maneje las operaciones de archivos de forma segura
- Validar rutas de archivos: comprobar si los archivos existen antes de procesarlos
- Comentarios del usuario: Mostrar el progreso de las operaciones largas
- Habilitar/Deshabilitar botones: Actualizar el estado de la interfaz de usuario según el contexto
- Filtros de archivos: utilice filtros apropiados en los cuadros de diálogo
Conclusión
La integración de operaciones de Excel con los clics de botón de Windows Forms proporciona potentes funciones de escritorio. El SDK Openize.OpenXML facilita:
- ✅ Abrir archivos de Excel a través de cuadros de diálogo
- ✅ Procesar y mostrar datos de Excel
- ✅ Exportar datos del formulario a Excel
- ✅ Crear interfaces completas de gestión de Excel ¡Comience hoy mismo a crear aplicaciones profesionales de Windows Forms habilitadas para Excel!